But, we should also remember that mass is a scalar quantity which says that mass does not have any directions. It is just the amount of matter contained in any objects. So, there is no need to represent mass by an arrow. It is a simple scalar quantity only.

The two factors that affect universal gravitation are mass and distance. For example, the greater distance the archer stands from the target, the more force he’ll have to use to get the arrow to the target or else the arrow will end up falling to the ground due to gravity.

Another force acting on the arrow once it is released is vibration. This is a natural force that the arrow experiences, since a brief but large force has just been applied to it. This vibrating motion of the arrow is known as “fishtailing”.

As the arrow soars towards the target, there is also Gravitational Potential Energy (EP). This is the energy that results from gravity’s attraction to an object relative to its vertical height and mass. Finally, as the arrow strikes the target, Sound Energy (ES ) and Thermal Energy (ETH).

When the arrow moves toward target, the force acting on it, is due to gravity and resistive force of air. The resistance force of air is also called as frictional force.

Unbalanced forces cause an object to start moving, stop moving, or change direction. Unbalanced forces acting on an object will change the object’s motion. Unbalanced forces can also stop a moving object. The three main forces that stop moving objects are friction, gravity and wind resistance.

A force that does not change the state of rest or motion of an object is a balanced force. So a balanced force does neither make a body at rest to move nor make a body in motion to come to rest. It does not allow a body in motion to even change its direction or increase its speed too.

If two forces act on an object in the same direction, the net force is equal to the sum of the two forces. This always results in a stronger force than either of the individual forces alone.

Every day you see moving objects come to a stop. The force that brings nearly everything to a stop is friction,which is the force that acts to resist sliding between two touch- ing surfaces, as shown in Figure 3. Friction is why you never see objects moving with constant velocity unless a net force is applied.

The force stopping the object’s motion might be an obvious one – the ground! Friction is a force that slows or stops motion. Friction is the resistance to motion created by two objects rubbing against each other (the sled and the snow, for instance). Even air causes friction.

Objects do not move on their own. If they are in motion they were initially moved by a force, either from their initial development as an object or by an outside force that initially moved them to motion. Yet, the atoms and smaller particles of objects are always in motion.

When is an object in motion? An object is in motion if its distance relative to another object is changing. To tell if an object is moving, you use a reference point. If an object’s distance from another object [reference point] is changing.

Light energy

Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position.

• Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules.
• Mechanical energy is energy stored in objects by tension.
• Nuclear energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom—the energy that holds the nucleus together.

Kinetic Energy

An object possesses gravitational potential energy if it is positioned at a height above (or below) the zero height. An object possesses elastic potential energy if it is at a position on an elastic medium other than the equilibrium position.

There are some well-accepted choices of initial potential energy. For example, the lowest height in a problem is usually defined as zero potential energy, or if an object is in space, the farthest point away from the system is often defined as zero potential energy.

So, moving objects have energy associated with their motion, that is called kinetic energy. But even objects that are at rest can have another form of energy. Potential energy is energy stored in the forces between, or among, within objects. So forces can store energy.

Kinetic energy depends on the velocity of the object squared. Kinetic energy must always be either zero or a positive value. While velocity can have a positive or negative value, velocity squared is always positive.

Here are some Kinetic Energy Examples:

• when you are walking or running your body is exhibiting kinetic energy.
• A bicycle or skateboard in motion possesses kinetic energy.
• Running water has kinetic energy and it is used to run water mills.

One joule of work is done (or one joule of energy is transferred) when a force of one newton causes a body to move through a distance of one metre.

The simplest answer is that a body at rest has zero kinetic energy.