Seepage velocity is based upon the void space of the soil and simultaneously the discharge velocity is based upon the gross sectional area of the soil. Therefore, this directly means that the seepage velocity is greater than the discharge velocity.

The groundwater velocity is the product of hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic. gradient, with adjustments for the porosity of the soil material (usually from 5 to 20. percent): groundwater velocity = hydraulic conductivity hydraulic gradient.

Compressible fluids expands caused by pressure drops (friction) and the velocity will increase. Therefore is the pressure drop along the pipe not constant. We set the pipe friction number as a constant and calculate it with the input-data….

Saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ksat, describes water movement through saturated media. By definition, hydraulic conductivity is the ratio of velocity to hydraulic gradient indicating permeability of porous media.

What is soil hydraulic conductivity? In scientific terms, hydraulic conductivity is defined as the ability of a porous medium (soil for instance) to transmit water under saturated or nearly saturated conditions.

Although hydraulic conductivity is expressed in velocity units (m/s), it is not a rate.

We have T = KhD where T is the transmissivity, Kh is the average horizontal conductivity and D is the aquifer thickness. Determine the units of measure for transmissivity. The horizontal conductivity is measured in length per unit time and the aquifer thickness is a length.

Whereas permeability is an intrinsic property of a porous material (i.e. it only depends on properties such as pore size, tortuosity, and surface area), hydraulic conductivity depends on the properties of the fluid (saturation, viscosity, temperature, and density).

Many researchers have found that the hydraulic conductivity of soil is affected by many factors such as density, water contents, degree of saturation, void ratio, grain size distribution, and particle structure.

It is calculated as hydraulic conductivity (K) multiplied by the fluid viscosity divided by fluid density and the gravitational constant. Permeability (k) has the dimension of area (e.g., cm2).

The results show that the hydraulic conductivities increase with increasing temperature. The hydraulic conductivities of bentonites at the temperature of 80 °C increase up to about 3 times as high as those at 20 °C. The measured values are in good agreement with those predicted.

The steady-state method is performed for the measurement of hydraulic conductivity by maintaining a constant hydraulic head gradient across the soil specimen. The constant hydraulic head gradient leads to a steady-state water flow through the specimen.

Transmissivity is the rate at which water passes through a unit width of the aquifer under a unit hydraulic gradient.

Soil hydraulic properties reflect the structure of the soil porous system comprising pores of different geometry, sizes, and connectivity (e.g., Dexter, 1988; Hillel, 1980; Kutílek and Nielsen, 1994).

The velocity of flow is a basic hydraulic parameter and is usually calculated from the flow rate given at standard conditions. Using the definition of volume factor B to arrive at actual volumetric flow rate, fluid flow velocity is calculated from the next formula, which is valid for both gas and liquid flow: (2.30)

Soil mechanical properties include basic properties, such as cohesion, and composite properties, such as penetration resistance. Knowledge of the connections between soil mechanical properties is useful in estimating and/or selecting appropriate property values in solving problems in agricultural soil mechanics.

A hydric soil is defined by federal law to mean “soil that, in its undrained condition, is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during a growing season to develop an anaerobic condition that supports the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation”.

: characterized by, relating to, or requiring an abundance of moisture a hydric habitat a hydric plant — compare mesic, xeric.