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Some of the most distant galaxies we can see are billions of light-years from us. Measuring in light-years also allows astronomers to determine how far back in time they are viewing. Because light takes time to travel to our eyes, everything we view in the night sky has already happened.
The main reason for using light years, however, is because the distances we deal with in space are immense. If we stick to miles or kilometers we quickly run into unwieldy numbers just measuring the distance to the nearest star: a dim red dwarf called Proxima Centauri that sits a mere 24,000,000,000,000 miles away!
A light year is used when astronomers want to figure out the distance between stars that are much farther away than objects in our solar system. So, because light travels very quickly, at the speed of 300,000 kilometers per second, a light year, using kilometers, is about 9,500,000,000,000 kilometers.
Using a light year as a distance measurement has another advantage — it helps you determine age. Let’s say that a star is 1 million light years away. So the star we are seeing is really how the star looked a million years ago, not how it looks today. In the same way, our sun is 8 or so light minutes away.
In the metric system of measurement, the most common units of distance are millimeters, centimeters, meters, and kilometers.
The kilometre (SI symbol: km; /ˈkɪləmiːtər/ or /kɪˈlɒmɪtər/), spelt kilometer in American English, is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousand metres (kilo- being the SI prefix for 1000)….
kilometre | |
---|---|
SI units | 1000 m |
imperial/US units | 0.62137 mi 1093.6 yd 3280.8 ft |
nautical units | 0.53996 nmi |
Standard units are what we usually used to measure things like weight, length and volume. Standard units that would be introduced in primary school are grams, kilograms, meters, kilometres, millilitres and litres.