The Clean Water Act is administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which sets water quality standards, handles enforcement, and helps state and local governments develop their own pollution control plans.

The act reduced soil depletion by agricultural runoff by a billion tons per year, and water treatment plant coverage increased from 8 million people to 175 million people. Most importantly, the Clean Water Act has raised awareness of the problem of water pollution.

Discharge to a POTW in Violation of Pre-Treatment Standards and Prohibitions. Penalty: Negligent Violations: 1 year and/or $2,500 – 25,000 per day; Subsequent convictions 2 years and/or $50,000 per day.

There are two types of NPDES permit, individual and general. An individual permit is issued to a single discharger to cover site-specific conditions and are issued directly to the individual discharger. General permits are written and issued to cover multiple dischargers with similar operations and types of discharges.

Section 401 Certification The Clean Water Act (CWA) gives states and authorized tribes the authority to grant, deny, or waive certification of proposed federal licenses or permits that may discharge into waters of the United States.

Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) establishes a program to regulate the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, including wetlands. Proposed activities are regulated through a permit review process. An individual permit is required for potentially significant impacts.

Answer. industries thermal waste following is the most serious effect of water pollution for humans.

There are many causes of water pollution, some of them are:

• 1- Sewage or wastewater: The waste from households, factories, or agricultural land gets discharged into rivers or lakes.
• 2- Dumping:
• 3- Oil pollution:
• 4- Acid rain:
• 5- Industrial waste:
• 1- Diseases:
• 2- Ruination of the ecosystem:
• 3- Eutrophication:

Pollution may muddy landscapes, poison soils and waterways, or kill plants and animals. Humans are also regularly harmed by pollution. Long-term exposure to air pollution, for example, can lead to chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer and other diseases.

Contaminated water can transmit diseases such diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and polio. Contaminated drinking water is estimated to cause 485 000 diarrhoeal deaths each year.

Destroys life in the water based ecosystem which is polluted which in turn disrupts natural food chain. Aquatic life is destroyed due to the non-biodegradable pesticides and chemicals. Water pollution affects the microbial population. There is a steep increase in the BOD levels of water.

Below we take a look at the five countries most threatened by severe water shortages that do not have the money to purchase it.

1. Libya. Libya’s troubles are twofold in that it is undergoing a period of political upheaval while also suffering from lack of water and other resources.
2. Western Sahara.
3. Yemen.
4. Djibouti.
5. Jordan.