Market penetration is one of the four growth strategies of the Product-Market Growth Matrix as defined by Ansoff. Market penetration occurs when a company penetrates a market in which current or similar products already exist. A way to achieve this is by gaining competitors’ customers (part of their market share).

Summary

• Economic market structures can be grouped into four categories: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly.
• The categories differ because of the following characteristics: The number of producers is many in perfect and monopolistic competition, few in oligopoly, and one in monopoly.

several large sellers that have some control over the prices. many buyers and sellers, none can influence prices . The number and characteristics of sellers and buyers is called market structure.

Although the product is the most important part of the marketing function, it needs other elements intertwined in order to succeed, such as promotion, place, and price.

Marketing has 4Ps too: Product, Place, Promotion and Price. The most important P (arguably) is Price. Why? It’s the only one that brings in money.

The four Ps of marketing: product, price, place and promotion.

The 5 P’s of Marketing – Product, Price, Promotion, Place, and People – are key marketing elements used to position a business strategically.

Compartment syndrome hallmarks have been the 5 Ps: pain out of proportion, pallor, paresthesias, paralysis, and pulselessness. Pain out of proportion and pain with passive stretching of the fingers are considered the first and most sensitive signs of compartment syndrome in an awake patient.

Acute Compartment Syndrome Using or stretching the involved muscles increases the pain. There may also be tingling or burning sensations (paresthesias) in the skin. The muscle may feel tight or full. Numbness or paralysis are late signs of compartment syndrome. They usually indicate permanent tissue injury.

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is the result of increased pressure in one or more of the 4 compartments in each lower leg. Since the basic problem is increase in muscle compartment pressures, compression stockings will likely not help with your symptoms.

To diagnose chronic compartment syndrome your doctor will measure the pressures in your compartment, after ruling out other conditions like tendinitis or a stress fracture. This condition can resolve itself after discontinuing activity. Other treatment options are nonsurgical: Physical therapy.

Sports massage can reduce the tension in the muscles in the affected compartment. This, in turn, reduces the strain on the tendons attached to the bone of the compartment, allowing it to heal. It also prevents the Syndrome from re-occurring once you resume your sport.

Activity Modification Avoiding the activity that causes symptoms can relieve pain and tenderness and prevent compartment syndrome from worsening. Low-impact workout routines, including swimming and cycling, are effective ways to maintain fitness without risking elevated pressure in the muscle compartments.

Surgical options A surgical procedure called fasciotomy is the most effective treatment of chronic exertional compartment syndrome. It involves cutting open the inflexible tissue encasing each of the affected muscle compartments.

MRI is a promising technique for non-invasive diagnosis of chronic exertional compartment syndrome [11, 12]. A recent work has shown that the sensitivity of MRI in diagnosing chronic exertional compartment syndrome was comparable to that of intracompartmental pressure measurement and near-infrared spectroscopy [11].

The only option to treat acute compartment syndrome is surgery. The procedure, called a fasciotomy, involves a surgeon cutting open the skin and the fascia to relieve the pressure. Options to treat chronic compartment syndrome include physiotherapy, shoe inserts, and anti-inflammatory medications.