The common application of indicators is the detection of end points of titrations. The colour of an indicator alters when the acidity or the oxidizing strength of the solution, or the concentration of a certain chemical species, reaches a critical range of values.

Advantage :- capable of direct silver and indirect halide analyses, very clear colour change. Disadvantage :- must be 1M nitric acid solution, some problem with specific anion.

In the Fajans method, named after Kazimierz Fajans, typically dichlorofluorescein is used as an indicator; the end-point is marked by the green suspension turning pink. Prior to the end-point of the titration, chloride ions remain in excess. They adsorb on the AgCl surface, imparting a negative charge to the particles.

It is an indirect method of precipitation. This method was given by American chemist Kazimierz Fajan. That’s why it is known as fajan’s method. This method is also known as indicator adsorption method because in this method chloride ions present in excess are adsorbed on silver chloride surface.

Conductometric titration is a type of titration in which the electrolytic conductivity of the reaction mixture is continuously monitored as one reactant is added. The equivalence point is the point at which the conductivity undergoes a sudden change.

Titration is an analytical technique that is widely used in the food industry. It allows food manufacturers to determine the quantity of a reactant in a sample. For example, it can be used to discover the amount of salt or sugar in a product or the concentration of vitamin C or E, which has an effect on product colour.

Distilled water does not affect the outcome of titrations because it is only a solvent.