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The Equator is the invisible line that runs around the center of the Earth at 0 degrees latitude. It is halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole, at 0 degrees latitude. An equator divides the planet into a Northern Hemisphere and a Southern Hemisphere.
The imaginary lines circling the globe in an east-west direction are called the lines of latitude (or parallels, as they are parallel to the equator). They are used to measure distances north and south of the equator. The lines circling the globe in a north-south direction are called lines of longitude (or meridians).
180 imaginary lines
equator
In measuring latitude, one begins at the Poles, which are at zero degrees and 180 degrees, similar to the Equator, only they are drawn at right angles to the Equator itself. So, if one measures from the North Pole at zero degrees to the Equator, one measures 90 degrees.
There are 360 longitudes in total. 179 eastern longitudes, 179 western longitudes, one GMT line; 0 degree longitude line, and a 180 degree eastern or western longitude (the 180.
In whole numbers they are 360 i.e 180° East and 180° West from GMT.
geoid
To help us locate places on the earth’s surface, we use a coordinate system. This coordinate system is like placing a giant grid over the earth. This grid has lines extending from east to west called lines of latitude and lines extending from north to south called lines of longitude.