Big data magnifies the security, compliance, and governance challenges that apply to normal data, in addition to increasing the potential impact of data breaches. Organizations have to comply with regulations and legislation when collecting and processing data.

When IRBs are applying the federal regulatory criteria for approval to protocols involving socially or economically disadvantaged persons: Which of the following describes an alternative method to recruit subjects using technology?

Ethical Requirements for Conduct of Human Subjects Research

• Social or Scientific Value.
• Scientific Validity.
• Fair Subject Selection.
• Favorable Risk – Benefit.
• Independent Review.
• Informed Consent.
• Respect for Potential and Enrolled Subjects.

However, there are a number of general security recommendations that can be used for big data:

1. Keep a check on your cloud providers:
2. An adequate access control policy should be created:
3. Do protect your data:
4. Communication protection:
5. Real-time security monitoring:

Table 1-3 Matrix of Security Risks and Solutions

The risks and costs associated with health care data security breaches are too high, and the confidential, personal health data of millions are at risk. This makes data security health care’s biggest concern today, and a problem for which innovation and communication are of the utmost importance.

What Are the Biggest Privacy Issues Associated with Big Data?

• #1- Obstruction of Privacy Through Breaches.
• #2- It Becomes Near-Possible to Achieve Anonymity.
• #3 – Data Masking Met With Failure in a Big Data-Driven Setting.
• #4 – Big Data Analysis Isn’t Completely Accurate.
• #5 – Copyrights and Patents Are Rendered Irrelevant.
• #6 – Discrimination Issues.

If notice is not provided, then there is an increased risk of harm due to the likelihood of personal information that was breached being used for successful targeted or phishing attempts to steal additional account credentials and information, resulting in potential social, emotional, or physical harm.

Big Data monitors, extracts and stores very accurate and sometimes very personal information. Whilst many people see it as a good thing which could enrich our lives in some way and possibly make things such as transactions easier and faster; others see data mining as an invasion or a breach of Internet confidentiality.

Cyber and Privacy Risks

• Theft or manipulation of sensitive or private information, such as financial or health records.
• Virulent computer viruses that can destroy data, damage hardware, cripple systems and disrupt a business’ operations.
• Computer fraud.

These are what I consider to be the most serious threats to privacy in 2020.

• Regulation That Bans Encryption.
• Phishing Attacks.
• Cybercrime Syndicates.
• The Increasingly Compromised Web.
• Poorly Secured Internet of Things (IoT) Devices.
• Facial Recognition.

Public concern over internet privacy

• GDPR.
• The right to be forgotten: data privacy as a human right.
• Personal privacy vs sensitive information.
• Search engines user tracking.
• Social media data harvesting.
• Cookies/online tracking.
• Mobile apps and privacy.
• Identity theft.