Ontological dependence is a relation—or, more accurately, a family of relations—between entities or beings (onta in Greek, whence ontological). More specifically, a being may be said to depend, in such a sense, upon one or more other beings for its existence or for its identity.

The Summa Theologiae intended to explain the Christian faith to beginning theology students, whereas the Summa contra Gentiles, to explain the Christian faith and defend it in hostile situations, with arguments adapted to the intended circumstances of its use, each article refuting a certain belief or a specific heresy …

The principal work of St. Thomas Aquinas, the Summa Theologica is divided into three parts and is designed to instruct both beginners and experts in all matters of Christian Truth.

Saint Thomas Aquinas believed that the existence of God could be proven in five ways, mainly by: 1) observing movement in the world as proof of God, the “Immovable Mover”; 2) observing cause and effect and identifying God as the cause of everything; 3) concluding that the impermanent nature of beings proves the …

Thomas Aquinas was the greatest of the Scholastic philosophers. He produced a comprehensive synthesis of Christian theology and Aristotelian philosophy that influenced Roman Catholic doctrine for centuries and was adopted as the official philosophy of the church in 1917.

God, in monotheistic thought, is conceived of as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith. God is usually conceived of as being omnipotent (all-powerful), omniscient (all-knowing), omnipresent (all-present) and omnibenevolent (all-good) as well as having an eternal and necessary existence.

It is because God cannot rationally be proven that his existence is important to us. In The Justification of Knowledge, the Calvinist theologian Robert L. Reymond argues that believers should not attempt to prove the existence of God.

Polytheism, the belief in many gods. Polytheism characterizes virtually all religions other than Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, which share a common tradition of monotheism, the belief in one God.

God approves of right actions because they are right and disapproves of wrong actions because they are wrong (moral theological objectivism, or objectivism). So, morality is independent of God’s will; however, since God is omniscient He knows the moral laws, and because He’s moral, He follows them.

A religious experience is when someone feels they have had a direct or personal experience of God. It is argued that if someone feels they have experienced God, this will be the most convincing proof of God’s existence because they have personally experienced or felt God for themselves.

Mysticism is the sense of some form of contact with the divine or transcendent, often understood in Christian tradition as involving union with God.

Light is one of the most universal and fundamental symbols. It is the spiritual and the divine, it is illumination and intelligence. Light is the source of goodness and the ultimate reality, and it accompanies transcendence into the Nirvana of Buddhist doctrine.

This is an argument for the existence of God. It points to evidence that suggests our world works well – ie that it was designed in a specific way. The argument follows that if it was designed like this, then someone or something must have designed it.

The first cause argument is based around cause and effect. The idea is that everything that exists has something that caused it, there is nothing in our world that came from nothing. As human beings we are used to seeing cause and effect in our everyday lives, so this argument is easy to relate to.

Speaking to a packed audience Wednesday morning in Geneva, CERN director general Rolf Heuer confirmed that two separate teams working at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are more than 99 percent certain they’ve discovered the Higgs boson, aka the God particle—or at the least a brand-new particle exactly where they …

Brahma is the first god in the Hindu triumvirate, or trimurti. The triumvirate consists of three gods who are responsible for the creation, upkeep and destruction of the world.

The Summa Theologica focuses on religious matters pertinent to the organization and doctrine of the Catholic faith, discussions of virtues and the Sacraments, and the nature of the Christian triune God and His creation.

The Summa Theologica, as its title indicates, is a “theological summary.” It seeks to describe the relationship between God and man and to explain how man’s reconciliation with the Divine is made possible at all through Christ. Approximately one-half of the Summa Theologica then examines the nature and purpose of man.

Contents/Summary One of Aquinas’s best known works after the Summa Theologica, Summa Contra Gentiles is a theological synthesis that explains and defends the existence and nature of God without invoking the authority of the Bible.

The Summa contra Gentiles (also known as Liber de veritate catholicae fidei contra errores infidelium, “Book on the truth of the Catholic faith against the errors of the unbelievers”) is one of the best-known treatises by St Thomas Aquinas, written as four books between 1259 and 1265.

MLA (7th ed.) Thomas, . Summa Contra Gentiles. Torino: Casa Editrice Marietti, 1934.

Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologica – The Summa Theologica of is cited by part (I, I-II, II-II, III), question, and article. For example, ST II-II, q. 23, a. 3, ad 1 means, the second part (half) of the second part, question twenty-three, article three, reply to the first objection.

2,669 Articles

To cite the catechism, use “Catholic Church” without the quotation marks as the author. The title “Catechism of the Catholic Church” is written italicized and without quotation marks. Students will likely cite the second edition, and the date should reflect the publication of the copy that was referenced.

Product Details

1992

MLA (7th ed.) Augustine, , and Marcus Dods. The City of God. New York: Modern Library, 1950.

To cite an encyclical, follow the MLA template of core elements. If using the version published on the Vatican’s Web site, begin with the name of the pope who wrote the letter, followed by the title of the letter specified on the Web site.

Citation Data

1. MLA. Augustine, of Hippo, Saint, 354-430. The Confessions of Saint Augustine. Mount Vernon :Peter Pauper Press,
2. APA. Augustine, of Hippo, Saint, 354-430. ( . The confessions of Saint Augustine.
3. Chicago. Augustine, of Hippo, Saint, 354-430. The Confessions of Saint Augustine.

Information to be cited includes author, document, full publication date (month date, year), and database (Vatican.va.).

Notes

1. Use Pope’s name as author in reference list, not including the title “Pope”.
2. If directly quoting the text found online, use paragraph number (para.) in place of page number, e.g. (John Paul II, 2003, para.
3. The following are some common abbreviations for church documents:

Christ is Alive

It affirms the ancient Church practices of remembering the saints and imploring their intercession. It affirms “the sacred Liturgy, wherein the power of the Holy Spirit acts upon us through sacramental signs” and anticipates worship in heaven.

The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that the phrase, “Outside the Church there is no salvation”, means, if put in positive terms, that “all salvation comes from Christ the Head through the Church which is his Body”, and it “is not aimed at those who, through no fault of their own, do not know Christ and his …

Terms in this set (9)

• What and who are the People of God?
• Where are the People of God?
• Where did Jesus create the new People of God? (
• What is the Body of Christ?
• what is the change of bread and wine to Body and Blood?
• Where would you first learn about the Body of Christ?
• Where does the Holy Spirit reside in?

Encyclical, pastoral letter written by the pope for the whole Roman Catholic church on matters of doctrine, morals, or discipline. …

major reference. As the history of the New Testament canon shows, the seven so-called Catholic Letters (i.e., James, I and II Peter, I, II, and III John, and Jude) were among the last of the literature to be settled on before the agreement of East…

Catholic usage For the modern Roman Catholic Church, a papal encyclical is a specific category of papal document, a kind of letter concerning Catholic doctrine, sent by the Pope and usually addressed especially to patriarchs, primates, archbishops and bishops who are in communion with the Holy See.

Ecclesiastical letters are publications or announcements of the organs of Roman Catholic ecclesiastical authority, e.g. the synods, but more particularly of pope and bishops, addressed to the faithful in the form of letters.

An encyclical is addressed directly to all members of the Church. It is received with seriousness and considered a significant teaching of the supreme authority of the Church, namely, the Pope, or Holy Father (common means of address by Catholics).

who should select bishops. A______________ is a letter written by a pope to explain a religious teaching or outline a church policy.

Pius XII

The Catechism of the Catholic Church lists three principal aspects of the common good: 1) respect for the human person and his rights; 2) social well-being and development; and 3) peace, “the stability and security of a just order.”

Quadragesimo anno

The first encyclical was written in 1740 by Pope Benedict XIV. Since then, nearly 300 have been written. Popes have published encyclicals on issues of general concern, like peace or human rights, after Pope Leo XIII issued an encyclical on labor and social justice in 1897.