Left-libertarianism, also known as egalitarian libertarianism, left-wing libertarianism or social libertarianism, is a political philosophy and type of libertarianism that stresses both individual freedom and social equality.

Neoliberalism is distinct from liberalism insofar as it does not advocate laissez-faire economic policy but instead is highly constructivist and advocates a strong state to bring about market-like reforms in every aspect of society.

Terms in this set (14) Classical liberals believe the state, under no circumstances should… Modern believe the state should intervene in social or economic life on the grounds of….. welfare and redistributing equality of opportunity. Modern liberals believe that the state should help individuals to ….

Social democracy is a political, social and economic philosophy within socialism. As an economic ideology and policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal-democratic polity and a capitalist-oriented mixed economy.

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law. Liberals also ended mercantilist policies, royal monopolies and other barriers to trade, instead promoting free trade and free markets.

Modern liberalism includes issues such as same-sex marriage, reproductive and other women’s rights, voting rights for all adult citizens, civil rights, environmental justice and government protection of the right to an adequate standard of living.

Social liberalism, also known as left liberalism in Germany, new liberalism in the United Kingdom, modern liberalism in the United States, and progressive liberalism in the Spanish speaking countries is a political philosophy and variety of liberalism that endorses a regulated market economy and the expansion of civil …

Modern conservative parties often define themselves by their opposition to liberal or labor parties. The United States usage of the term “conservative” is unique to that country.

Bottom left – Statism. The opposite of libertarianism, corresponding with those supporting low economic and personal freedom.

Those on the Left often called themselves “republicans”, which at the time meant favoring a republic over a monarchy, while those on the Right often called themselves “conservatives”.

Liberal democracy emphasises the separation of powers, an independent judiciary and a system of checks and balances between branches of government. Governmental authority is legitimately exercised only in accordance with written, publicly disclosed laws adopted and enforced in accordance with established procedure.

With the proper institutions and diplomacy, Liberals believe that states can work together to maximize prosperity and minimize conflict. Liberalism is one of the main schools of international relations theory. Liberalism comes from the Latin liber meaning “free”, referred originally to the philosophy of freedom.

An illiberal democracy is a governing system in which, although elections take place, citizens are cut off from knowledge about the activities of those who exercise real power because of the lack of civil liberties; thus it is not an open society.

A representative democracy is an indirect democracy where sovereignty is held by the people’s representatives. A liberal democracy is a representative democracy with protection for individual liberty and property by rule of law.

He describes democracy as a system of government with four key elements: i) A system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections; ii) Active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic life; iii) Protection of the human rights of all citizens; and iv) A rule of law in …

As well as the right to vote in elections and referendums, Swiss citizens may voice their demands by means of three instruments which form the core of direct democracy: popular initiative, optional referendum and mandatory referendum.

The index is self-described as intending to measure the state of democracy in 167 countries, of which 166 are sovereign states and 164 are UN member states. The index is based on 60 indicators grouped in five different categories, measuring pluralism, civil liberties and political culture.

Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were the leading examples of such modern totalitarian dictatorships.

Switzerland is a rare example of a country with instruments of direct democracy (at the levels of the municipalities, cantons, and federal state). Citizens have more power than in a representative democracy.

Here are the most politically stable countries based on perception:

• New Zealand.
• Australia.
• Sweden.
• Norway.
• Denmark. Denmark ranks No.
• Netherlands. The Netherlands, ranking No.
• Canada. Canada ranks second for its perceived political stability, in addition to earning the No.
• Switzerland. Switzerland earns the No.

India (Hindi: Bhārat), officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the second-most populous country, the seventh-largest country by land area, and the most populous democracy in the world.

The United States is a representative democracy. This means that our government is elected by citizens.

Democracies fall into two basic categories, direct and representative. In a direct democracy, citizens, without the intermediary of elected or appointed officials, can participate in making public decisions.

Contrary to popular belief the USA is not a Majoritarian democracy as they can have an elected individual based through points from majority of county and further state votes. This means an individual can be in power in the USA while having a minority vote overall.

Procedural democracy is a term used to denote the particular procedures, such as regular elections based on universal suffrage, that produce an electorally-legitimated government.

Substantive democracy is a form of democracy in which the outcome of elections is representative of the people. In a substantive democracy, the general population plays a real role in carrying out its political affairs, i.e., the state is not merely set up as a democracy but it functions as one as well.

A pluralist democracy describes a political system where there is more than one center of power. Modern democracies are by definition pluralist as democracies allow freedom of association. In a democratic society, individuals achieve positions of formal political authority by forming successful electoral coalitions.