grammar (n.) The classical Latin word is from Greek grammatike (tekhnē) “(art) of letters,” referring both to philology and to literature in the broadest sense, fem. of grammatikos (adj.) “pertaining to or versed in letters or learning,” from gramma “letter” (see -gram). Meaning “a treatise on grammar” is from 1520s.

Latin has an inflected grammar, in which words change their form to indicate the role they’re playing in a sentence.

Latin syntax is the part of Latin grammar that covers such matters as word order, the use of cases, tenses and moods, and the construction of simple and compound sentences, also known as periods. The study of Latin syntax in a systematic way was particularly a feature of the late 19th century, especially in Germany.

Updated July 03, 2019. Theoretical grammar is concerned with language in general rather than with an individual language, as is the study of essential components of any human language. Transformational grammar is one variety of theoretical grammar.

Aims: to develop the idea of the grammatical structure of the foreign language, build understanding of how the units and means of this system function; to develop the skills of analyzing, comparing, summarizing, expressing the idea in the foreign language, using scientific terms and concepts.

Main types of grammar: Descriptive grammar : Refers to the structure of a language as it’s actually used by speakers and writers. Prescriptive grammar: Refers to the structure of a language as certain people think it should be used. Both kinds of grammar are concerned with rules–but in different ways.

Syntax is the study of sentences and phrases, and the rules of grammar that sentences obey. Semantics is the study of sentence meaning; pragmatics is the study of sentence meaning in context.

There are eight parts of speech in the English language: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.

Linguists have identified five basic components (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics) found across languages.

Principle 1 Children learn what they hear most. Principle 2 Children learn words for things and events that interest them. Principle 3 Interactive and responsive rather than passive contexts promote language learning. Principle 4 Children learn words best in meaningful contexts.

Children acquire language through interaction – not only with their parents and other adults, but also with other children. This ‘baby talk’ has simpler vocabulary and sentence structure than adult language, exaggerated intonation and sounds, and lots of repetition and questions.

The Four Elements Of English

• Reading (input)
• Writing (output)
• Listening (input)
• Speaking (output)

The Morpheme is the smallest unit of a language that can carry meaning.

Sentences

morpheme