In addition, the population growth also leads to negative impacts on the environment such as increasing waste water, household waste, and other industrial wastes due to human has increased their activities of industrial production.

In Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM), birth rates and death rates are both low, stabilizing total population growth.

Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is characterized by a low population growth rate due to a high birth rate (number of annual births per one thousand people) and a high death rate (number of annual deaths per one thousand people).

Slower population growth means that women on average are having fewer children, which gives girls and women the opportunity to pursue education and careers and continue a positive cycle of schooling, autonomy and equal status. Slower population growth will also place a higher value on immigration.

Effects of population decline

• fewer schools, due to there being fewer children;
• a drop in house prices because more homes are unoccupied;
• fewer new homes being built;
• less demand for rented accommodation;
• fewer care facilities;
• less turnover for shopkeepers and businesses;
• fewer sports facilities;

Other possible negative impacts of a declining population are: A rise in the dependency ratio which would increase the economic pressure on the workforce. A crisis in end of life care for the elderly because there are insufficient caregivers for them.

Population growth is based on four fundamental factors: birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration.

Mortality, fertility, and migration are the three important components of population growth.

Carrying capacity can be defined as a species’ average population size in a particular habitat. The species population size is limited by environmental factors like adequate food, shelter, water, and mates. If these needs are not met, the population will decrease until the resource rebounds.