The factors affecting rate of photosynthesis are: Temperature Intensity and wavelength of sunlight Carbon dioxide concentration Water

Temperature, light intensity, carbon dioxide levels, water, oxygen and chlorophyll. The rate of photosynthesis increases as the temperature increases. However, the rate declines after the temperature reaches an optimal level (usually around 35 C).

• Temperature.
• Intensity and wavelength of sunlight.
• Carbon dioxide concentration.
• Water.

Photosynthesis takes place in two stages, namely light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. Light-dependent reactions are also called light reactions and occur during the day time. Light-independent reaction is also called the dark reaction or the Calvin cycle.

When plants use light energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, photosynthesis happens. Microscopic cellular organelles known as chloroplasts are available in leaves. There is a green-coloured pigment called chlorophyll in each chloroplast.

“Light reaction is the process of photosynthesis that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP.”

There are two end products of the light reaction of photosynthesis, ATP and NADPH. These molecules are produced during the cyclic and the non-cyclic photophosphorylation reactions. These are the products which are used in the dark reactions.

Explanation: The light dependent reaction uses water and light. Light provides the energy needed to break apart water molecule. This process will make oxygen and hydrogen ions.

Raw materials play an important role in the production process to a great extent as the success of the economy of a country is determined by the amount of natural resources held by a country within its borders. A country holding ample amount of natural resources does not require importing of as many raw materials.

Coal is one of the most important sources of energy and is being used for various proposes such as heating of housed, as fuel for boilers and steam engines and for generation of electricity by thermal plants. Coal is found in abundance in our country and it is the most important source of energy in our country.

Raw materials are transformed by physical and chemicals processes into the various types of materials that are used for manufacturing. they are prepared so that they are ready to use for making many different products called manufactured goods. Technical materials are common materials used to make manufactured goods.

Types of raw materials

• Plant/tree-based – materials like vegetables, fruits, flowers, wood, resin, latex are obtained from plants and trees.
• Animal-based– materials like leather, meat, bones, milk, wool, silk are all obtained from animals.
• Mining-based– materials like minerals, metals, crude oil, coal, etc.

There are two main types of raw materials: direct and indirect. Direct materials are unprocessed resources that can be specifically traced to an end product. Lumber is a good example of a direct raw material.

The most important step towards the delivery of good products is to procure safe and good quality raw materials. Working with an established quality management system for raw materials, we judge the suitability of all materials in advance and only select materials that pass strict standards of quality and safety.