If the smoke column emitted by the chimney is yellow, the flue gas contains a large amount of sulfide, indicating that the boiler’s desulfurization equipment is not put into use. In the production process, chemical plants produce many flammable and explosive gases, many of which are harmful to humans.

AEROGELS, solid materials so light and ethereal that they are called “frozen smoke” or “San Francisco fog,” have been little more than laboratory curiosities for most of the 60 years since the first one was created.

Since their invention, aerogels have primarily been made of silica. The silica is combined with a solvent to create a gel. This gel is then subjected to supercritical fluid extraction. This supercritical fluid extraction involves introducing liquid carbon dioxide into the gel.

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Smoke is a fine solid formed by incomplete burning. Fumes are fine airborne particles produced when a solid vapourises and condenses, eg during welding.

Nope! It is possible to make aerogels, including silica aerogels, without supercritical drying–in fact, using evaporative drying techniques. Not only that, you can make silica aerogel monoliths with high transparency, low density, and superinsulating abilities without supercritical drying.

All smoke contains carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and particulate matter (PM or soot). Smoke can contain many different chemicals, including aldehydes, acid gases, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, styrene, metals and dioxins.