Pakistan has been known internationally for some of its major achievements in science and technology such as successful development of media and military technologies and a growing base of doctors and engineers, as well as its new influx of software engineers who have been actively contributing to Pakistan’s potential …

The World Economic Forum, assessing the development of Information and Communication Technology in the country ranked Pakistan 111th among 144 countries in the Global Information Technology report of 2014..

IT experts are involved in e-commerce, website design and development, software engineering, and information management on a digital level. Due to the increased demand for information security, technology upgrading, computer repair, and internet protection in recent years, many opportunities have arisen for IT experts.

The IT sector of Pakistan currently faces many challenges and barriers like unavailability of the internet in many areas, inadequate educational capacity in IT, inadequate legal framework, lack of innovative ICT infrastructure, lack of technology parks, lack of R&D, low ICT rankings in world indices and more.

In an area with poor rainfall, “irrigation (is) essential for crop production. The irrigation network will help the farmers in the area to adapt to climate changes and have more crops,” he said. The area, if irrigated, could grow wheat, cotton, rice, sugarcane, maize, and other crops, said Goraya.

Value addition is the most talked about word in the industry, particularly in fish processing industry, mainly because of the increase opportunities the activity presents for earning foreign exchange.

According to Horner,12 three types of drying are used for fish preservation, namely, air or contact drying, vacuum drying and freeze drying. Sun drying is the simplest and cheapest method of air drying process used for foods.

Food drying is one of the oldest method of preserving food. Evidence shows that Middle East and Oriental cultures actively dried foods in the hot sun: fish, meat, vegetable and fruits were also dried from the earliest times.

Methods of curing fish by drying, salting, smoking, and pickling, or by combinations of these processes have been employed since ancient times. On sailing vessels fish were usually salted down immediately to prevent spoilage; the swifter boats of today commonly bring in unsalted fish.

Methods of Salting Foods

• To Taste. Taste serves as the most important barometer for measuring salt.
• Curing. Salt curing, also referred to as corning (as in corned beef), is one of the simplest and most effective methods of preserving meat.
• Brining.
• Salt Crusting.
• Vegetables.

Curing it with salt and smoke is what makes smoked fish and no longer deemed to be raw. It depends on how you smoke it. If it’s cold-smoked, like many sushi fish are, then it is still considered to be raw as the fish has only had a smokey flavor added rather than being heated or having CO kill the bacteria.

Here are a few common types of fish eaten raw: seabass, swordfish, salmon, trout, mackerel, tuna and salmon. Other types of seafood, like shrimp, crab, scallops, eel and octopus are also widely and safely eaten raw.