Many a times it is required to calculate Standard Error of the Mean or SEM for scientific publications. The values of the SEM are used to add error bars to the bar graph or to the line plot (I plan to show how to add error bars using SEM in a separate video). Adding error bar is important if results are presented as mean of the data. In the manuscript text, the SEM values are presented with a +/- in front. However, in the graph the SEM as error bars are plotted upward (+) as well as downward (-) denoting the range of variability. The SEM provides us with the variability between sample means. You may check my other video (https://youtu.be/dcuNorSzyVM) on calculating standard deviation (SD), SEM, & adding Error Bars to graphs in Excel

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