How did the focus of study change between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? The Renaissance produced new attitudes toward culture and learning. Then explored the richness and variety of human experience in the here and now.

It was 15th Century Italian architect and engineer Filippo Brunelleschi who rediscovered the laws of perspective. He demonstrated a mathematical approach that proved how forms and space shrink in size according to their location and distance from the eye.

The Church of England was formed when Henry VIII refused to acknowledge the Pope in Rome, as he would not allow him to remarry, and declared himself the Head of Church in England. basically it means that they can get divorced and remarry. But it practices catholic religious practices.

Factors and ideas that encouraged the Protestant Reformation included humanist ideas for social reform and a call for a less worldly church and one focused more on Bible study, the church’s role in worldly politics which caused people to question the church’s motives, indulgences being sold-supposedly lessened one’s …

Causes of Reformation. The start of the 16th century, many events led to the Protestant reformation. Clergy abuse caused people to begin criticizing the Catholic Church. The greed and scandalous lives of the clergy had created a split between them and the peasants.

PLEASE HELP What was one important result of the Catholic Reformation? A. The Council of Trent reaffirmed traditional doctrine, tried to end abuses, and established new schools. At the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church ended Protestantism in Europe.

What were the three key elements of the Catholic Reformation, and why were they so important to the Catholic Church in the 17th century? The founding of the Jesuits, reform of the papacy, and the Council of Trent. They were important because they unified the church, help spread the gospel, and validated the church.

The Council of Trent was the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant Reformation. It served to define Catholic doctrine and made sweeping decrees on self-reform, helping to revitalize the Roman Catholic Church in the face of Protestant expansion.

Response from the Catholic Church to the Reformation The Roman Catholic Church responded with a Counter-Reformation initiated by the Council of Trent and spearheaded by the new order of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), specifically organized to counter the Protestant movement.

The Church responded by labeling Luther a heretic, forbidding the reading or publication of his 95 Theses, and threatening Luther with excommunication. Luther refused to recant his beliefs.

Indulgence, a distinctive feature of the penitential system of both the Western medieval and the Roman Catholic Church that granted full or partial remission of the punishment of sin. The granting of indulgences was predicated on two beliefs.

Luther’s stand leads, eventually, to the emergence of the first sect to break away from the Roman Catholic church and to survive the opposition of the papacy – Lutheranism, finally established by the Peace of Augsburg in 1555.

The Catholic Church teaches that marriages are unbreakable unions, and thus remarrying after a divorce (without an annulment) is a sin.

However, divorced Catholics are still welcome to participate fully in the life of the church so long as they have not remarried against church law, and the Catholic Church generally requires civil divorce or annulment procedures to have been completed before it will consider annulment cases.

Church teaching holds that unless divorced Catholics receive an annulment — or a church decree that their first marriage was invalid — they are committing adultery and cannot receive Communion.

Reception of Holy Communion Also forbidden to receive the sacraments is anyone who has been interdicted. These rules concern a person who is considering whether to receive Holy Communion, and in this way differ from the rule of canon 915, which concerns instead a person who administers the sacrament to others.

If the Catholic has a civil wedding ceremony with the petitioner, that petitioner is still married to someone else which means the Catholic is committing adultery with someone else’s spouse. That is a serious mortal sin, so the Catholic would not be able to receive communion while living in this arrangement.

Gray said, is the percentage of annulments that are granted. “In most years since 1980, this has fluctuated between 85 percent and 92 percent,” Mr. Gray said. “In 2012, nine in 10 cases resulted in a ruling of nullity.”

Marriage is considered a sacrament in the Catholic Church, and Catholics who seek an annulment usually do so in order to remarry in the church. Annulment requests have declined, the report says, along with the number of marriages taking place in the church.

An annulment from the Catholic Church is independent from obtaining a civil annulment (or, in some cases, a divorce). However, the church does not recognise as valid a marriage when one of the parties is Catholic but the marriage was not celebrated before a Catholic priest (unless a dispensation was first obtained).

Annulment rulings can currently take up to a year, or more, and cost upwards of $1,000, though in the U.S. fees can be waived. The pope asks that annulments be granted for free. In the U.S., 25% of Catholics have been divorced; 26% of them say they sought annulment, according to Pew Research.

In most cases, adultery does not serve as grounds for a Catholic annulment in a marriage. A Catholic annulment completely nullifies your marriage, almost as if it never existed. In order for this to happen, though, the grounds for annulment must be present before or during the exchange of the vows, but not after.

According to the new guidelines, only one—not two—tribunals will be convened to consider an annulment proposal, and bishops can “fast-track” an annulment in extenuating circumstances, such as domestic abuse and cheating, or if both spouses request an annulment.

An annulment has the effect of voiding a marriage. Stated differently, it is as if the marriage had never occured. Therefore, unlike a divorce, when a relationship ends through an annulment, there are no “marital assets” to divide as there legally was no marriage.