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Encryption algorithms are essential tools for protecting digital information. They convert readable data into an unreadable format, called ciphertext, ensuring that only authorized users can access the original information [1, 3, 4]. Encryption algorithms fall into two main categories: symmetric and asymmetric2.
Symmetric Encryption: This type uses a single, secret key to both encrypt and decrypt data [2, 3]. Symmetric encryption is known for its speed and efficiency, making it suitable for encrypting large amounts of data2. Examples include:
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard): Widely regarded as one of the most secure and efficient algorithms available, AES is a popular choice for securing sensitive data across various sectors, including government and finance [2, 6]. It supports key sizes of 128, 192, and 256 bits2.
DES (Data Encryption Standard): An early symmetric encryption algorithm with a 56-bit key length, DES is now considered vulnerable to brute-force attacks2.
3DES (Triple DES): This applies the DES algorithm three times to improve security. However, it is slower than AES and is becoming outdated [2, 4].
Blowfish & Twofish: Blowfish is known for its speed and efficiency, while Twofish, its successor, offers enhanced security and flexibility [2, 4, 6].
Asymmetric Encryption: This method uses a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption [2, 3]. Asymmetric encryption is more secure in terms of key management and is commonly used in digital signatures and secure online communication2. Examples include:
RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman): A widely recognized algorithm that uses large key pairs (typically between 1024 and 4096 bits) to secure data [2, 6]. RSA is foundational in many secure communications, such as SSL/TLS for web security2.
ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography): ECC provides strong security with smaller key sizes, making it efficient for mobile devices and IoT systems [1, 2, 5].
Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange: Primarily used for securely exchanging cryptographic keys, this algorithm establishes a shared key between two parties, which can then be used with a symmetric encryption algorithm2.
DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm): Used primarily for digital signatures, DSA allows users to verify the authenticity of a message or document2.
Additionally, hash functions are cryptographic algorithms that do not use keys. They create a small /”hash value/” from large amounts of data through a one-way process and are used for source and integrity authentication3.
Symmetric Encryption: This type uses a single, secret key to both encrypt and decrypt data [2, 3]. Symmetric encryption is known for its speed and efficiency, making it suitable for encrypting large amounts of data2. Examples include:
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard): Widely regarded as one of the most secure and efficient algorithms available, AES is a popular choice for securing sensitive data across various sectors, including government and finance [2, 6]. It supports key sizes of 128, 192, and 256 bits2.
DES (Data Encryption Standard): An early symmetric encryption algorithm with a 56-bit key length, DES is now considered vulnerable to brute-force attacks2.
3DES (Triple DES): This applies the DES algorithm three times to improve security. However, it is slower than AES and is becoming outdated [2, 4].
Blowfish & Twofish: Blowfish is known for its speed and efficiency, while Twofish, its successor, offers enhanced security and flexibility [2, 4, 6].
Asymmetric Encryption: This method uses a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption [2, 3]. Asymmetric encryption is more secure in terms of key management and is commonly used in digital signatures and secure online communication2. Examples include:
RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman): A widely recognized algorithm that uses large key pairs (typically between 1024 and 4096 bits) to secure data [2, 6]. RSA is foundational in many secure communications, such as SSL/TLS for web security2.
ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography): ECC provides strong security with smaller key sizes, making it efficient for mobile devices and IoT systems [1, 2, 5].
Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange: Primarily used for securely exchanging cryptographic keys, this algorithm establishes a shared key between two parties, which can then be used with a symmetric encryption algorithm2.
DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm): Used primarily for digital signatures, DSA allows users to verify the authenticity of a message or document2.
Additionally, hash functions are cryptographic algorithms that do not use keys. They create a small /”hash value/” from large amounts of data through a one-way process and are used for source and integrity authentication3.
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