As you can see from the examples above, even though the year of publication differs in the two Campbell references, the lead author’s initials should be included in all text citations, regardless of how often they appear.

The APA Style format for author names in reference list entries is to provide the author’s surname(s) followed by the initials of their given name(s). Example: Lee, C. L. (2017).

When the first authors of multiple references have the same surname but different initials, include initials for the first authors in the in-text citations. Never include initials for second or subsequent authors in in-text citations. The reference list entries are written normally.

Order: Entries should be arranged in alphabetical order by authors’ last names. Sources without authors are arranged alphabetically by title within the same list. The references are arranged alphabetically, by the last name of the first author or, if author is not available – by title.

An Order of Reference is a motion filed in a New York Mortgage Foreclosure action along with a request for a default judgment. Among other requested forms of relief the Order of Reference (aka OOR or OREF) formally asks the Court to appoint a Referee to determine the amount due on the mortgaged premises.

When a work has 3-5 authors, cite all the names the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, use the surname of the first author followed by et al. When a work has 6 or more authors, use the surname of the first author followed by et al. every time the reference occurs in the text.

In-Text Citing In addition to formatted references, you need to cite the author of the source in text whenever you refer to their work, or ideas. This is known as in-text citing. Harvard in-text citation requires that you cite in brackets the name of the creator of the work, and the date of publication.

A number enclosed in square brackets, eg. [1] or [26], placed in the text of the essay, indicates the relevant reference. Each reference number should be enclosed in square brackets on the same line as the text, before any punctuation, with a space before the bracket.

2.In American usage, brackets refer to the box-type brackets while parentheses refer to a different type of punctuation mark. Brackets are used to enclose parenthetical materials within the parentheses while parentheses are used to enclose words, numbers, phrases, sentences, symbols, and other items in a sentence.

Parentheses and brackets are used to enclose and set off material from the main text. Although writers usually need only one set of parentheses or brackets at a time, for more complex material they may need an enclosure within an enclosure (referred to as a double enclosure in this post).

APA Style uses square brackets to describe works.

The MLA Style Center 6) explains, square brackets are used to indicate material you have added. Thus, if square brackets are in the original, provide an explanation in parentheses after the quotation, as shown in the following example: “He wanted to have [his] cake and eat it too” (square brackets in the original).

When writers insert or alter words in a direct quotation, square brackets—[ ]—are placed around the change. The brackets, always used in pairs, enclose words intended to clarify meaning, provide a brief explanation, or to help integrate the quote into the writer’s sentence.

Do not use a double enclosure or back-to-back parentheses. Correct: Gender differences may reflect underlying continuous attributes, such as personality (e.g., communion and agency; Spence & Helmreich, 1978).

Parentheses ( ) are used to enclose nonessential or supplemental information in a sentence. Parentheses are always used in pairs; you must have both an opening and a closing parenthesis. In formal academic writing, it is a good practice to use parentheses sparingly.

The first way tells us to multiply. When we see two or more numbers together that are separated by parentheses, then the parentheses are telling us to multiply. For example, when we see 5(2), the parentheses are telling us to multiply the 5 and the 2 together. It still means multiplication.

The singular form is parenthesis, but the plural parentheses is the word you’re more likely to see.

Parentheses offset extra information, clarifications, asides, or citations. The information inside the parentheses, for example, can be as short as a number or a word, or it can be as long as a few sentences.