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Deep water currents move slowly and predictably across the globe in a cyclical system often called the “Global Conveyor Belt.”
The global conveyor belt moves much more slowly than surface currents — a few centimeters per second, compared to tens or hundreds of centimeters per second. Scientists estimate that it takes one section of the belt 1,000 years to complete one full circuit of the globe.
In contrast to wind-driven surface currents, deep-ocean currents are caused by differences in water density. The denser water sinks, and as it does, more ocean water moves in to fill the space it once occupied. This water also cools and sinks, keeping a deep current in motion.
Deep ocean currents (also known as Thermohaline Circulation) are caused by: The density of sea water varies globally due to differences in temperature and salinity. Surface water is heated by the sun, and warm water is less dense than cold water. Similarly, fresh water is less dense than salty water.
Ocean water is constantly in motion: north-south, east-west, alongshore, and vertically. Seawater motions are the result of waves, tides, and currents (Figure below).
It turns out, however, that water can also be moved without wind or tides, which is what happens in the deep ocean. There currents are set in motion by variations in water density caused by differences in temperature and salinity, a process called convection.
Research finds that spending time by the ocean is pretty good for your wellbeing. In fact, according to an analysis of English census data published in the journal Health Place, those who live by the coast report better physical and mental health than those who don’t.
EMOTIONAL TIES Experiments have shown that approaching or being near the ocean triggers responses in the part of the brain that processes memories. And this has occurred even in subjects that have never been near the ocean before! Water inspires us, it intimidates us. It creates peace and awe at the same time.
What would you typically see on a beach after winter has ended? A beach with a lot of sand most times of the year with just a little bit of variance would be indicative of: Low energy waves hitting it all year long.
“Sand”, she says, “works directly with the unconscious. You can mould it, put water in it, construct it. It has a light feeling, a freeing feeling.” Walking on a beach feels natural.
For patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the feet, the common symptom of ‘walking on marbles’ is an agonizing one. Forefeet often contain some of the first joints to be affected by RA and those with the condition often say that they feel like they are ‘walking on marbles’.
Morton’s Neuroma can be exacerbated when tight shoes providing little room for the forefoot are worn. Activities which over-pronate the foot (such as walking barefoot in sand) may increase the pain associated with Morton’s Neuroma, as will any high-impact activity, such as jogging.
Pain, often intermittent, is the main symptom of Morton’s neuroma. It may feel like a burning pain in the ball or your foot or like you’re standing on a marble or pebble in your shoe or a bunched-up sock. Your toes may feel numb or tingle as the pain radiates out.
Morton’s neuroma pain is a sign that the digital nerve is in distress. Left untreated, this neuroma can lead to permanent tingling or numbness in the foot. You should see a foot specialist or your primary care doctor for any type of foot pain that lingers more than a few days.
There are many ways to treat Morton’s neuroma without surgery, including:
Self-help measures for Morton’s neuroma include:
High heels aggravate the problem by shifting your weight forward, increasing pressure on the ball of the foot. Less often, Morton’s neuroma develops because of physical activity, such as running or racquet sports or the kind of repetitive, traumatic stress that professional ballet dancers undergo.