All three states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) expand when heated. The atoms themselves do not expand, but the volume they take up does. Heat causes the molecules to move faster, (heat energy is converted to kinetic energy ) which means that the volume of a gas increases more than the volume of a solid or liquid.

An increase in temperature caused the water molecules to gain energy and move more rapidly, which resulted in water molecules that are farther apart and an increase in water volume. When water is heated, it expands, or increases in volume. When water increases in volume, it becomes less dense.

When water is heated, it evaporates. The molecules move and vibrate so quickly that they escape into the atmosphere as molecules of water vapor. Evaporation is a very important part of the water cycle. Heat from the sun, or solar energy, powers the evaporation process.

Solids, liquids and gases expand when heated. Water expands about four percent when heated from room temperature to its boiling point.

Thermal expansion is caused when seawater expands because of the higher temperature of the water. As the temperature of the ocean increases so will the total ocean volume. The increased volume will cause the level of the water in the oceans to rise.

The density of liquid water is approximately 0.96 grams per cubic centimeter at 100 C at atmospheric pressure. The density of water vapor at 100 C at atmospheric pressure is about a factor of 1600 less, and so water expands by a factor of 1600 when it turns into steam at atmospheric pressure.

Solution: Gas will expand more as the intermolecular forces of attraction in gas molecules is less and kinetic energy is maximum.

3.98°C

The molecules of the water are closer together, and this increases the density of the liquid. As the temperature of warm water decreases, the water molecules slow down and the density increases. At 4 °C, the clusters start forming. Thus, the density of water is a maximum at 4 °C.

That turns out to be a tricky problem to answer. When liquid water is cooled below -42 degrees F, it crystallizes into ice too quickly for scientists to measure the temperature of the liquid.

Water freeze at a temperature below 0° Celsius. Hot water freezes faster than cold water this is called Mpemba Effect. If the water isn’t pure, it will freeze at -2° or -3° degrees Celsius.

Water will not freeze with the temperature air at or above 33 degrees, regardless of how far the wind chill is below freezing. Wind chill has no effect on inanimate objects, and they cannot be cooled below the ambient air temperature.

So water can freeze when surrounded by air at 32 degrees if there is a wind chill factor. This is why it is possible to survive in freezing temperatures with no wind, but if there is a wind you will suffer hypothermia.

The answer definitely isn’t 32 degrees Fahrenheit, even if that’s the freezing point of water. If the conditions are right, water can remain liquid all the way down to minus 55 degrees.

Pipes can freeze at 32 degrees or below, but it will take a sustained period of time for this to happen. In other words, a pipe needs to be at freezing temperatures for at least half a day before homeowners have to worry about any freezing occurring.

about 2-hours

20 degrees Fahrenheit

20 degrees F.

What this means is that it on days where it is 32 degrees outside, it does not necessarily mean that your pipes will freeze. Typically, your home’s pipes begin to freeze when the outside temperature is at least 20 degrees Fahrenheit.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends indoor temperatures of at least 64°F (you can drop that down to 62°F at night if you’re really looking to save on your heating bill). But if you have infants, sick or elderly people in your household, then it’s recommended that you keep the thermostat set at 70°F.

The absolute minimum temperature to keep pipes from freezing is 55° F. However, between 60° F and to 68° F is a much safer range. This ensures that the air around your pipes is warm enough to prevent freezing.

You should begin to worry about your pipes freezing if: You are leaving the house for more than four days. If the inside of the home is less than 50 degrees, the pipes could be in danger of freezing. If you need to leave a home in the winter (such as a winter cabin), set the thermostat in the home to 60 degrees.

Set the thermostat in your house no lower than 55 degrees Fahrenheit (12 degrees Celsius). Also be sure to replace the battery in your thermostat. Ask for help. Ask a friend or neighbor to check your house daily to make sure it’s warm enough to prevent freezing.

Evaporation. One explanation of the effect is that as the hot water cools, it loses mass to evaporation. With less mass, the liquid has to lose less heat to cool, and so it cools faster. With this explanation, the hot water freezes first, but only because there’s less of it to freeze.

Water expands when it freezes into ice. Unfortunately, water pipes (usually metal or plastic) don’t. The good news is that you can prevent pipes from freezing in the first place by keeping them warm. If you’re leaving for an extended period of time in the winter, you can and should drain your water lines.

PVC and CPVC pipe filled with water, sealed and placed in a freezing environment typically will not crack. The pipes will expand to absorb the net volumetric expansion of ice.