This video explains the following topics.

What is a firmware?
Type of firmware.
How the system boots.
A firmware performs the following tasks
Initialize all hardware devices
Find the bootloader program
Execute the bootloader program

MBR
MBR is a classical way to store a bootloader and partition information.
It saves information on the first 512 bytes of the hard disk.
Only BIOS-based systems use MBR.
MBR is non-redundant.
MBR can store partition information for a hard disk of up to 2 TB.
MBR supports a maximum of 14 partitions.

GPT
GPT is a modern way to store a bootloader and partition information.
It uses 4Kb disk space after the first 512 bytes of the hard disk.
Both BIOS and UEFI-based systems can use it.
GPT is redundant.
GPT can store partition information for a hard disk of up to 18 exabytes.
MBR supports a maximum of 128 partitions.

BIOS
It stands for Basic Input Output System.
It operates in 16-bit mode.
It was released in 1975.
It provides only basic UI navigation using the keyboard.
It supports up to 14 partitions.
It supports a maximum partition size of 2 TB (Tera Byte).
It takes a bit longer time to boot the system.
It supports password protection.

UEFI
It stands for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface.
It operates in 32-bit and 64-bit modes.
It was released in 2002.
It provides graphical UI navigation with mouse support.
It supports up to 128 partitions.
It supports a maximum partition size of 18 EB (Exabyte).
It takes only a few seconds to boot the system.
It supports secure boot features.

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